5 Sentence Patterns?

How, or of what, is a sentence composed? In other words, what are the constituents of a sentence? At school, 5 Sentence Patterns with S = Subject, V = Verb, C = Complement, O = Object, and M = Modifier is dominant. However, in their experiment (J. L. Mclelland & A. H. Kawamoto, 'Mechanisms of Sentence Processing: Assigning Roles to Constituents of Sentences', "Parallel Distributed Processing Volume 2", MIT Press, Cambridge, 1986), Messrs. McClelland and Kawamoto employ a kind of cases such as A = Agent, V = Verb, P = Patient, I = Instrument, M = Modifier, F = (implied) Food, S = Self. They even proceed to argue the importance of "cross-connections among the case role units" and "back-connections from the case role units to the sentence-structure units". This matches my empirical knowledge: "Cross-connections among the case role units would add a number of other advantages, as well. They would allow competition among alternative interpretations of the same word at the case-frame level, so that the stronger of two competing interpretations of the same word could effectively suppress the weaker." (p.311) "the addition of back-connections from the case role units to the sentence-structure units. This, too, could have several beneficial effects on the performance of the model. In an extended version of the model with cross-connections and back-connections, the computation performed by the present version of the model would be just the first step in an iterative settling process. This settling process could be used to fill in the features of one reading or another of an ambiguous word at the sentence level, based on the emerging pattern at the case role level. Once filled in, these features could then add to the support for the 'dominant' reading over other, initially partially activated readings --- the whole network would, in effect, drive itself into a stable 'corner' that would tend to represent a coherent interpretation at both the sentence and the case role level." (p.311) "it will become crucial to train the sentence and case role units to represent just the needed conjunctions of features." (p.312)